Wildlife (Protection) Act 1972 - All Sections

Clause:
(1) This Act may be called the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972.
(2) It extends to the whole of India.
(3) It shall come into force in a State or Union Territory to which it extends, or may become extended in future, on such date as the Central Government may, by notification, appoint, and different dates may be appointed for different provisions of this Act or for different States or Union Territories.

Explanation: Defines the title, territorial scope, and commencement mechanism of the Act. Source: Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, Chapter I.

Clause:
In this Act, unless the context otherwise requires,—

• (1) “animal” includes mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, fish, other chordates and invertebrates and also includes their young and eggs;
• (2) “animal article” means an article made from any animal, including its skin, horn, shell, feathers or other parts;
• (3) “Board” means the Wildlife Advisory Board constituted under sub-section (1) of section 6;
• (4) “cattle” includes buffaloes, cows, oxen, camels, horses, donkeys, mules, goats, sheep, pigs and their young;
• (5) “closed area” means the area which has been declared under section 37 to be closed to hunting;
• (6) “Collector” means the chief officer in charge of the revenue administration of a district and includes any officer empowered by the State Government to exercise all or any of the powers of a Collector under this Act;
• (7) “commencement of this Act”, in relation to—
  
  • (a) a State, means commencement of this Act in that State;
  • (b) any provision of this Act, means the commencement of that provision in the State concerned;
• (8) “dealer” in relation to wild animals, trophies or meat means any person who carries on the business of buying or selling any such animal, trophy or meat, and includes a person who undertakes to get a trophy or meat for another person for a commission or otherwise;
• (9) “Director” means the Director of Wildlife Preservation appointed under clause (a) of sub-section (1) of section 3;
• (10) “firearm” means a firearm as defined in clause (3) of section 2 of the Arms Act, 1959 (54 of 1959);
• (11) “Government property” means any property referred to in section 39 or section 17H;
• (12) “habitat” includes land, water or vegetation which is the natural home of any wild animal;
• (13) “hunting”, with its grammatical variations and cognate expressions, includes,—
  
  • (a) killing or poisoning of any wild animal or captive animal and every attempt to do so;
  • (b) capturing, coursing, snaring, trapping, driving or baiting any wild animal or captive animal and every attempt to do so;
  • (c) injuring or destroying or taking any part of the body of any such animal or, in the case of wild birds or reptiles, damaging the eggs of such birds or reptiles, or disturbing the eggs or nests of such birds or reptiles;
• (14) “land” includes canals, creeks and other water channels, reservoirs, rivers, streams and lakes, whether artificial or natural, marshes and wetlands and also includes boulders and rocks;
• (15) “licence” means a licence granted under this Act;
• (16) “manufacturer” means a person who manufactures articles from any animal;
• (17) “meat” includes blood, bones, sinew, eggs, fat and flesh, whether raw or cooked, of any wild animal or captive animal, other than vermin;
• (18) “National Park” means an area declared, whether under section 35 or section 38, or deemed under sub-section (3) of section 66 to be declared, as a National Park;
• (19) “notification” means a notification published in the Official Gazette;
• (20) “permit” means a permit granted under this Act or any rule made thereunder;
• (21) “person” includes a firm, company, corporation, association or body of individuals, whether incorporated or not;
• (22) “prescribed” means prescribed by rules made under this Act;
• (23) “recognised zoo” means a zoo recognised under section 38H;
• (24) “reserve forest” means the forest declared to be reserved by the State Government under section 20 of the Indian Forest Act, 1927 (16 of 1927);
• (25) “sanctuary” means an area declared, whether under section 26A or section 38, or deemed under sub-section (3) of section 66 to be declared, as a wildlife sanctuary;
• (26) “specified plant” means any plant specified in Schedule VI;
• (27) “State Government”, in relation to a Union territory, means the Administrator of that Union territory appointed by the President under article 239 of the Constitution;
• (28) “taxidermy”, with its grammatical variations and cognate expressions, means the curing, preparation or preservation of trophies;
• (29) “trophy” means the whole or any part of any captive animal or wild animal, other than vermin, which is kept or preserved by any means, whether artificial or natural, and includes—
  
  • (a) rugs, skins and specimens of such animal mounted in whole or in part through a process of taxidermy;
  • (b) antler, horn, rhinoceros horn, hair, feather, nail, tooth, tusk, musk, eggs and shells;
• (30) “uncured trophy” means the whole or any part of any captive animal or wild animal, other than vermin, which is not a trophy;
• (31) “vehicle” means any conveyance used for transport, whether mechanically driven or not, and includes a cart, an aircraft, a vessel, a boat or a raft;
• (32) “vermin” means any wild animal specified in Schedule V;
• (33) “weapon” includes ammunition, bows and arrows, explosives, firearms, hooks, knives, nets, poison, snares, traps and any instrument or apparatus capable of anaesthetizing, decoying, destroying, injuring or killing an animal;
• (34) “wild animal” means any animal found wild in nature and includes any animal specified in Schedule I, Schedule II, Schedule III, Schedule IV or Schedule V, wherever found;
• (35) “Wildlife Warden” means the person appointed as such under clause (b) of sub-section (1) of section 4;
• (36) “wildlife” includes any animal, bees, butterflies, crustacea, fish and moths; and aquatic or land vegetation which forms part of any habitat;

Explanation: Provides key definitions used throughout the Act, such as “animal,” “animal article,” and “wildlife.” Source: Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, Chapter I.

Clause:
(1) The Central Government may, for the purposes of this Act, appoint—

• (a) a Director of Wild Life Preservation;
• (b) such other officers and employees as may be necessary.

Explanation: Authorizes the Central Government to appoint a Director of Wildlife Preservation and other officers, with provisions for delegation of powers. Source: Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, Chapter II.

Clause:
(1) The State Government may, for the purposes of this Act, appoint—

• (a) a Chief Wild Life Warden;
• (b) Wild Life Wardens;
• (bb) one Honorary Wild Life Warden in each district;
• (c) such other officers and employees as may be necessary.

Explanation: Enables the State Government to appoint a Chief Wildlife Warden, Wildlife Wardens, and other officers, with provisions for delegation of powers. Source: Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, Chapter II.

Clause:
(1) The Director may, with the previous approval of the Central Government, by order in writing, delegate all or any of his powers and duties under this Act to any officer subordinate to him subject to such conditions, if any, as may be specified in the order.
(2) The Chief Wild Life Warden may, with the previous approval of the State Government, by order in writing, delegate all or any of his powers and duties under this Act to any officer subordinate to him subject to such conditions, if any, as may be specified in the order.
(3) Subject to any general or special direction given or condition imposed by the Director or the Chief Wild Life Warden, any person, authorised by the Director or the Chief Wild Life Warden to exercise any powers, may exercise those powers in the same manner and to the same effect as if they had been conferred on that person directly by this Act and not by way of delegation.

Explanation: Specifies the conditions under which the Director and Chief Wildlife Warden can delegate their powers to subordinate officers. Source: Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, Chapter II.

Clause:
(1) The Central Government shall, within three months from the date of commencement of the Wild Life (Protection) Amendment Act, 2002, constitute the National Board for Wild Life.
(2) The National Board shall consist of the following members, namely:—

• (a) the Prime Minister as Chairperson;
• (b) the Minister in-charge of Forests and Wild Life as Vice-Chairperson;
• (c) three Members of Parliament of whom two shall be from the House of the People and one from the Council of States;
• (d) Member, Planning Commission in-charge of Forests and Wild Life;
• (e) five persons to represent non-governmental organisations to be nominated by the Central Government;
• (f) ten persons to be nominated by the Central Government from amongst eminent conservationists, ecologists and environmentalists;
• (g) the Secretary to the Government of India in-charge of the Ministry or Department of the Central Government dealing with Forests and Wild Life;
• (h) the Chief of the Army Staff;
• (i) the Secretary to the Government of India in-charge of the Ministry of Defence;
• (j) the Secretary to the Government of India in-charge of the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting;
• (k) the Secretary to the Government of India in-charge of the Department of Science and Technology;
• (l) the Director-General of Forests in the Ministry or Department of the Central Government dealing with Forests and Wild Life;
• (m) the Director, Wild Life Institute of India, Dehradun;
• (n) the Director, Zoological Survey of India;
• (o) the Director, Botanical Survey of India;
• (p) the Director, Indian Veterinary Research Institute;
• (q) the Member-Secretary, Central Zoo Authority;
• (r) the Director, National Institute of Oceanography;
• (s) one representative each from ten States and Union territories by rotation, to be nominated by the Central Government;
• (t) the Director of Wild Life Preservation who shall be the Member-Secretary of the National Board.

Explanation: Establishes the National Board for Wildlife, chaired by the Prime Minister, with a diverse membership to oversee wildlife conservation. Source: Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, Chapter II.

Clause:
(1) The National Board may, in its discretion, constitute a Standing Committee for the purpose of exercising such powers and performing such duties as may be delegated to the Committee by the National Board.
(2) The Standing Committee shall consist of the Vice-Chairperson, the Director of Wild Life Preservation, and not more than ten members to be nominated by the Vice-Chairperson from amongst the members of the National Board.
(3) The National Board may constitute committees, sub-committees or study groups, as may be necessary, from time to time, in proper discharge of the functions assigned to it.

Explanation: Allows the National Board to form a Standing Committee and other sub-committees to carry out delegated functions. Source: Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, Chapter II.

Clause:
(1) It shall be the duty of the National Board to promote the conservation and development of wild life and forests by such measures as it thinks fit.
(2) Without prejudice to the generality of the foregoing provision, the measures referred to therein may provide for—

• (a) formulating policies and advising the Central Government and the State Governments on the ways and means of promoting wild life conservation and effectively controlling poaching and illegal trade of wild life and its products;
• (b) making recommendations on the setting up of, and management of, national parks, sanctuaries and other protected areas and on matters relating to the restriction of activities in those areas;
• (c) carrying out or causing to be carried out impact assessment of various projects and activities on wild life or its habitat;
• (d) reviewing from time to time, the progress in the field of wild life conservation in the country and suggesting measures for improvement thereto;
• (e) preparing and publishing a status report at least once in two years on wild life in the country.

Explanation: Outlines the National Board’s responsibilities, including policy formulation, protected area management, and wildlife conservation assessments. Source: Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, Chapter II.

Clause:
No person shall hunt any wild animal specified in Schedule I, II, III or IV except as provided under section 11 and section 12.

Explanation: Prohibits hunting of wild animals listed in Schedules I to IV, except under specific permissions outlined in Sections 11 and 12. Source: Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, Chapter III.

Clause:
[Repealed by the Wild Life (Protection) Amendment Act, 1991 (44 of 1991), s. 8 (w.e.f. 2-10-1991).]

Explanation: Previously required records of wild animals killed or captured, but this section was repealed in 1991. Source: Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, Chapter III.

Clause:
(1) Notwithstanding anything contained in any other law for the time being in force and subject to the provisions of Chapter IV,—

• (a) the Chief Wild Life Warden may, if he is satisfied that any wild animal specified in Schedule I has become dangerous to human life or is so disabled or diseased as to be beyond recovery, by order in writing and stating the reasons therefor, permit any person to hunt such animal or cause such animal to be hunted;
• (b) the Chief Wild Life Warden or the authorised officer may, if he is satisfied that any wild animal specified in Schedule II, Schedule III, or Schedule IV, has become dangerous to human life or to property (including standing crops on any land) or is so disabled or diseased as to be beyond recovery, by order in writing and stating the reasons therefor, permit any person to hunt such animal or cause such animal to be hunted.

Explanation: Permits hunting of dangerous or diseased wild animals under specific conditions and allows killing in self-defense, with killed animals becoming government property. Source: Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, Chapter III.

Clause:
Notwithstanding anything contained elsewhere in this Act, it shall be lawful for the Chief Wild Life Warden, to grant a permit, by an order in writing stating the reasons therefor, to any person, on payment of such fee as may be prescribed, which shall entitle the holder of such permit to hunt, subject to such conditions as may be specified therein, any wild animal specified in such permit, for the purpose of,—

• (a) education;
• (b) scientific research;
• (bb) scientific management;
• (c) collection of specimens for zoological gardens, museums and similar institutions;
• (d) derivation, collection or preparation of snake-venom for the manufacture of life-saving drugs:

• (i) in respect of any wild animal specified in Schedule I, except with the previous permission of the Central Government;
• (ii) in respect of any other wild animal, except with the previous permission of the State Government.

• (i) translocation of any wild animal to an alternative suitable habitat;
• (ii) population management of wildlife, without killing or poisoning or destroying any wild animal.

Explanation: Allows the Chief Wildlife Warden to grant permits for hunting wild animals for educational, scientific, or management purposes, subject to government approvals. Source: Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, Chapter III.

Clause:
The Chief Wild Life Warden or the authorised officer may, subject to any general or special order of the State Government, for good and sufficient reasons to be recorded in writing, suspend or cancel any permit granted under this Chapter: Provided that no such suspension or cancellation shall be made except after giving the holder of the permit a reasonable opportunity of being heard.

Explanation: Authorizes the suspension or cancellation of hunting permits for valid reasons, ensuring the permit holder is given a fair hearing. Source: Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, Chapter III.

Clause:
(1) Any person aggrieved by the refusal, suspension or cancellation of a permit under this Chapter may, within fifteen days from the date of such refusal, suspension or cancellation, appeal to the State Government.
(2) The State Government shall dispose of the appeal as expeditiously as possible after giving the appellant a reasonable opportunity of being heard.

Explanation: Provides a mechanism for appealing decisions related to the refusal, suspension, or cancellation of hunting permits to the State Government. Source: Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, Chapter III.

Clause:
Any person who contravenes any provision of this Chapter or any condition of a permit granted thereunder, shall be guilty of an offence against this Act, and shall, on conviction, be punishable with imprisonment which may extend to three years or with fine which may extend to twenty-five thousand rupees or with both.

Explanation: Declares hunting without a permit or in violation of permit conditions as an offence, punishable by imprisonment or fine. Source: Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, Chapter III.

Clause:
Nothing in this Chapter shall be deemed to prevent any person from being prosecuted under any other law for the time being in force for any act or omission which constitutes an offence against this Act or from being liable under such other law to any higher punishment or penalty than that provided by this Act: Provided that no person shall be punished twice for the same offence.

Explanation: Clarifies that other applicable laws can be enforced alongside this Act for offences, but prevents double punishment for the same offence. Source: Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, Chapter III.

Clause:
Nothing in this Chapter shall apply to the hunting of any wild animal by any person who is authorised under any other law for the time being in force to hunt such animal for any purpose including the protection of life or property.

Explanation: Exempts hunting authorized under other laws for purposes like protecting life or property from the restrictions of this Chapter. Source: Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, Chapter III.

Clause:
Save as otherwise provided in this Chapter, no person shall—

• (a) wilfully pick, uproot, damage, destroy, acquire or collect any specified plant from any forest land and any area specified, by notification, by the Central Government;
• (b) possess, sell, offer for sale, or transfer by way of gift or otherwise, or transport any specified plant, whether alive or dead, or part or derivative thereof:

Explanation: Prohibits unauthorized picking, uprooting, or trading of specified plants listed in Schedule VI, with an exemption for scheduled tribe members for personal use. Source: Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, Chapter IIIA.

Clause:
The Chief Wild Life Warden may, with the previous permission of the State Government, grant to any person a permit to pick, uproot, acquire or collect from a forest land or the area specified under section 17A or transport, subject to such conditions as may be specified therein, any specified plant for the purpose of—

• (a) education;
• (b) scientific research;
• (c) collection, preservation and display in a herbarium of any scientific institution;
• (d) propagation by a person or an institution approved by the Central Government in this regard.

Explanation: Allows the Chief Wildlife Warden to issue permits for handling specified plants for educational, scientific, or propagation purposes, subject to State Government approval. Source: Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, Chapter IIIA.

Clause:
(1) No person shall cultivate a specified plant except under and in accordance with a licence granted by the Chief Wild Life Warden or any other officer authorised by the State Government in this behalf.
(2) Every licence granted under this section shall specify the area in which, and the conditions, if any, subject to which the licensee shall cultivate a specified plant.

Explanation: Prohibits cultivation of specified plants without a licence from the Chief Wildlife Warden, with conditions specified in the licence. Source: Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, Chapter IIIA.

Clause:
(1) No person shall, except under and in accordance with a licence granted by the Chief Wild Life Warden or any other officer authorised by the State Government in this behalf, commence or carry on business or occupation as a dealer in a specified plant or part or derivative thereof.
(2) Every licence granted under this section shall specify the premises in which, and the conditions, if any, subject to which the licensee shall carry on his business.

Explanation: Prohibits dealing in specified plants without a licence, with conditions specified for the licensed premises. Source: Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, Chapter IIIA.

Clause:
(1) Every person cultivating, or dealing in, a specified plant or part or derivative thereof shall, within thirty days from the date of commencement of the Wild Life (Protection) Amendment Act, 1991, declare to the Chief Wild Life Warden or any other officer authorised by the State Government in this behalf, his stocks of such plants and part or derivative thereof, as the case may be, on the date of such commencement.
(2) The Chief Wild Life Warden may, on sufficient cause being shown, extend the time specified in sub-section (1) for a period not exceeding sixty days.

Explanation: Requires persons cultivating or dealing in specified plants to declare their stocks within 30 days of the 1991 amendment, with possible extension. Source: Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, Chapter IIIA.

Clause:
No licensee under this Chapter shall—

• (a) keep in his control, custody or possession any specified plant or part or derivative thereof in excess of the quantity specified in his licence;
• (b) acquire, receive, keep in his control, custody or possession, any specified plant or part or derivative thereof, except in accordance with the conditions specified in his licence and the rules made under this Act.

Explanation: Restricts licensees from possessing or acquiring specified plants beyond licensed quantities or conditions. Source: Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, Chapter IIIA.

Clause:
No person shall purchase, receive or acquire any specified plant or part or derivative thereof otherwise than from a licensed dealer: Provided that nothing in this section shall apply to any person referred to in section 17A.

Explanation: Prohibits purchasing or acquiring specified plants except from licensed dealers, exempting scheduled tribe members under Section 17A. Source: Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, Chapter IIIA.

Clause:
(1) Every specified plant or part or derivative thereof, in respect of which any offence against this Act or any rule or order made thereunder has been committed, shall be the property of the State Government, and, where such plant or part or derivative thereof has been collected or acquired from a sanctuary or National Park declared by the Central Government, such plant or part or derivative thereof shall be the property of the Central Government.
(2) The provisions of this section shall not apply to any specified plant or part or derivative thereof, collected or acquired by a member of a scheduled tribe for his bona fide personal use in accordance with the provisions of section 17A.

Explanation: Declares specified plants involved in offences as government property, with an exemption for scheduled tribe members’ personal use. Source: Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, Chapter IIIA.

Clause:
(1) The State Government may, by notification, declare its intention to constitute any area other than an area comprised within any reserve forest or the territorial waters as a sanctuary if it considers that such area is of adequate ecological, faunal, floral, geomorphological, natural or zoological significance, for the purpose of protecting, propagating or developing wild life or its environment.
(2) The notification referred to in sub-section (1) shall specify, as nearly as possible, the situation and limits of such area.
Explanation.—For the purposes of this section, it shall be sufficient to describe the area by roads, rivers, ridges or other well-known or readily intelligible boundaries.

Explanation: Authorizes the State Government to declare areas as wildlife sanctuaries for conservation, specifying their boundaries. Source: Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, Chapter IV.

Clause:
(1) When any area is declared to be a sanctuary under section 18, the provisions of sections 27 to 33A (both inclusive) shall apply to such sanctuary.
(2) Until the final notification under section 26A is issued, no person shall—

• (a) enter the sanctuary except under and in accordance with a permit granted under section 28;
• (b) carry on any activity which may have an adverse effect on the fauna or flora or the ecology of the sanctuary.

Explanation: Ensures sanctuaries are protected by applying specific provisions and restricting entry or harmful activities until final notification. Source: Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, Chapter IV.

Clause:
The State Government shall appoint, an officer to act as Collector under this Act to make inquiries under section 19 and to determine or settle rights under sections 20 to 25A.

Explanation: Authorizes the appointment of a Collector to handle inquiries and settle rights related to sanctuary declarations. Source: Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, Chapter IV.

Clause:
When a notification has been issued under section 18, the Collector shall inquire into, and determine, the existence, nature and extent of the rights of any person in or over the land comprised within the limits of the sanctuary.

Explanation: Requires the Collector to investigate and determine rights of persons over land within a proposed sanctuary. Source: Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, Chapter IV.

Clause:
After the issue of a notification under section 18, no right shall be acquired in, on or over the land comprised within the limits of the area specified in such notification, except by succession, testamentary or intestate.

Explanation: Prohibits the acquisition of new rights over land in a proposed sanctuary, except through inheritance. Source: Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, Chapter IV.

Clause:
When a notification has been issued under section 18, the Collector shall publish in the regional language in every town and village in or in the neighbourhood of the area comprised therein, a proclamation—

• (a) specifying, as nearly as possible, the situation and the limits of the sanctuary;
• (b) requiring any person claiming any right mentioned in section 19 to prefer before the Collector, within two months from the date of such proclamation, a written claim in the prescribed form specifying the nature and extent of such right with necessary details and the amount and particulars of compensation, if any, claimed in respect thereof.

Explanation: Mandates the Collector to issue a proclamation detailing the sanctuary’s boundaries and inviting claims for rights within two months. Source: Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, Chapter IV.

Clause:
(1) The Collector shall, after service of the proclamation under section 21, proceed to inquire into any claim made in respect of any land within the limits of the sanctuary.
(2) The Collector shall have, for the purpose of such inquiry, the same powers as are vested in a civil court under the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908 (5 of 1908), in respect of—

• (a) enforcing the attendance of witnesses and compelling the production of documents and material objects;
• (b) issuing commissions for the examination of witnesses;
• (c) any other matter which may be prescribed.

Explanation: Empowers the Collector to conduct inquiries into land claims within a sanctuary, with civil court powers. Source: Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, Chapter IV.

Clause:
For the purpose of inquiring into and determining the existence, nature and extent of the rights of any person in or over the land comprised within the limits of the sanctuary, the Collector may—

• (a) enter, with or without previous notice, upon any land or building within such limits;
• (b) require any person to make an oral or written statement or to produce any document or thing;
• (c) take measurements and make surveys;
• (d) do any other act which may be necessary for the purposes of such inquiry.

Explanation: Grants the Collector powers to enter land, require statements, and conduct surveys to determine rights in a sanctuary. Source: Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, Chapter IV.

Clause:
(1) In the case of a claim to a right in or over any land referred to in section 19, the Collector shall pass an order admitting or rejecting the same in whole or in part.
(2) If such claim is admitted in whole or in part, the Collector may either—

• (a) exclude such land from the limits of the proposed sanctuary;
• (b) proceed to acquire such land or rights in or over such land under the provisions of the Land Acquisition Act, 1894 (1 of 1894);
• (c) allow, in consultation with the Chief Wild Life Warden, the continuance of any right of any person in or over any land within the limits of the sanctuary.

Explanation: Allows the Collector to admit or reject claims to rights in a sanctuary and decide whether to exclude, acquire, or allow continued rights. Source: Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, Chapter IV.

Clause:
(1) For the purpose of acquiring such land, or rights in or over such land—

• (a) the Collector shall be deemed to be a Collector, proceeding under the Land Acquisition Act, 1894 (1 of 1894);
• (b) the claimant shall be deemed to be a person interested and appearing before him in pursuance of a notice given under section 9 of that Act;
• (c) the provisions of the sections preceding section 9 of that Act shall be deemed to have been complied with;
• (d) where the claimant does not accept the award made in his favour in the matter of compensation, he shall be deemed, within the meaning of that Act, to be a person interested who has not accepted the award, and shall be entitled to proceed to claim relief against the award under the provisions of that Act;
• (e) the Collector, with the consent of the claimant, or the Court, with the consent of both parties, may award compensation in land or money or partly in land and partly in money;
• (f) in the case of the stoppage of a public way or a common pasture, the Collector may, with the previous sanction of the State Government, provide for an alternative public way or common pasture, as far as may be practicable or convenient.

Explanation: Details the process for acquiring land or rights in a sanctuary, treating it as a public purpose under the Land Acquisition Act, 1894. Source: Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, Chapter IV.

Clause:
(1) The Collector shall, as far as possible, complete the proceedings under sections 19 to 25 (both inclusive) within a period of two years from the date of notification issued under section 18.
(2) Notwithstanding anything contained in sub-section (1), where the proceedings cannot be completed within the period specified therein, the State Government may, for reasons to be recorded in writing, extend the period for such completion by a further period not exceeding one year.

Explanation: Sets a two-year time limit for completing acquisition proceedings, with a possible one-year extension by the State Government. Source: Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, Chapter IV.

Clause:
The State Government may, by general or special order, direct that the powers conferred or duties imposed on the Collector by or under sections 19 to 25 (both inclusive) may be exercised and performed by such other officer as may be specified in the order.

Explanation: Allows the State Government to delegate the Collector’s powers and duties for sanctuary-related inquiries to another officer. Source: Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, Chapter IV.

Clause:
(1) When—

• (a) a notification has been issued under section 18 and the period for preferring claims has elapsed, and all claims, if any, made in relation to any land in an area intended to be declared as a sanctuary, have been disposed of by the State Government; or
• (b) any area comprised within any reserve forest or any part of the territorial waters, which is considered by the State Government to be of adequate ecological, faunal, floral, geomorphological, natural or zoological significance for the purpose of protecting, propagating or developing wild life or its environment, is to be included in a sanctuary,

Explanation: Finalizes the declaration of a sanctuary after resolving claims or including reserve forests/territorial waters, with provisions for Central Government concurrence. Source: Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, Chapter IV.

Clause:
(1) No person other than—

• (a) a public servant on duty;
• (b) a person who has been permitted by the Chief Wild Life Warden or the authorised officer to reside within the limits of the sanctuary;
• (c) a person who has any right over immovable property within the limits of the sanctuary;
• (d) a person passing through the sanctuary along a public highway;
• (e) the dependants of the person referred to in clause (b) or clause (c),

• (a) to prevent the commission, in the sanctuary, of an offence against this Act;
• (b) where there is reason to believe that any such offence against this Act has been committed in such sanctuary, to help in discovering and arresting the offender;
• (c) to report the death of any wild animal and to safeguard its remains until they are taken charge of by the Chief Wild Life Warden or the authorised officer;
• (d) to extinguish any fire in such sanctuary of which he has knowledge or information and to prevent from spreading, by any lawful means in his power, any fire, within the vicinity of such sanctuary of which he has knowledge or information;
• (e) to assist any forest officer, Chief Wild Life Warden or police officer demanding his aid for preventing the commission of any offence against this Act or in investigating any such offence.

Explanation: Restricts entry to sanctuaries to authorized persons and imposes duties on residents to prevent offences and protect the sanctuary. Source: Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, Chapter IV.

Clause:
(1) The Chief Wild Life Warden may, on application, grant to any person a permit to enter or reside in a sanctuary for all or any of the following purposes, namely:—

• (a) investigation or study of the wild life and purposes ancillary or incidental thereto;
• (b) photography;
• (c) scientific research;
• (d) tourism;
• (e) transaction of lawful business with any person residing in the sanctuary.

Explanation: Allows the Chief Wildlife Warden to grant permits for entry or residence in a sanctuary for specific purposes, subject to conditions and fees. Source: Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, Chapter IV.

Clause:
No person shall destroy, exploit or remove any wild life from a sanctuary or destroy or damage the habitat of any wild animal or deprive any wild animal of its habitat within such sanctuary except under and in accordance with a permit granted by the Chief Wild Life Warden and no such permit shall be granted unless the State Government, being satisfied that such destruction, exploitation or removal of wild life from the sanctuary is necessary for the improvement and better management of wild life therein, authorises the issue of such permit.

Explanation: Prohibits destruction or exploitation of wildlife or habitats in a sanctuary without a permit, which requires State Government authorization for conservation purposes. Source: Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, Chapter IV.

Clause:
No person shall set fire to a sanctuary, or kindle any fire, or leave any fire burning, in a sanctuary, in such manner as to endanger such sanctuary.

Explanation: Prohibits setting or kindling fires in a sanctuary that could endanger it. Source: Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, Chapter IV.

Clause:
No person shall enter a sanctuary with any weapon except with the previous permission in writing of the Chief Wild Life Warden or the authorised officer.

Explanation: Prohibits entering a sanctuary with a weapon without written permission from the Chief Wildlife Warden or authorized officer. Source: Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, Chapter IV.

Clause:
No person shall use in a sanctuary, chemicals, explosives or any other substances which may cause injury to, or endanger, any wild life in such sanctuary.

Explanation: Prohibits the use of harmful substances like chemicals or explosives in a sanctuary that could injure or endanger wildlife. Source: Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, Chapter IV.

Clause:
The Chief Wild Life Warden shall be the authority who shall control, manage and maintain all sanctuaries and for that purpose, within the limits of any sanctuary—

• (a) may construct such roads, bridges, buildings, fences or barrier gates, and carry out such other works as he may consider necessary for the purposes of such sanctuary;
• (b) shall take such steps as will ensure the security of wild animals in the sanctuary and the preservation of the sanctuary and wild animals therein;
• (c) may take such measures, in the interests of wild life, as he may consider necessary for the improvement of any habitat;
• (d) may regulate, control or prohibit, in keeping with the interests of wild life, the grazing or movement of cattle;
• (e) may regulate, control or prohibit, in keeping with the interests of wild life, any industry or occupation.

Explanation: Designates the Chief Wildlife Warden as the authority to manage sanctuaries, with powers to construct infrastructure, ensure security, and regulate activities. Source: Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, Chapter IV.

Clause:
The Chief Wild Life Warden shall take such measures in such manner as may be prescribed for immunisation against communicable diseases of the cattle kept in or within five kilometres of a sanctuary.

Explanation: Requires the Chief Wildlife Warden to ensure cattle near sanctuaries are immunized against communicable diseases. Source: Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, Chapter IV.

Clause:
(1) Within three months from the declaration of any area as a sanctuary, every person residing in or within ten kilometres of any such sanctuary and holding a licence granted under the Arms Act, 1959 (54 of 1959), for the possession of arms or exempted from the provisions of that Act and possessing arms, shall apply in such form, on payment of such fee and within such time as may be prescribed, to the Chief Wild Life Warden or the authorised officer, for the registration of his name.
(2) On receipt of an application under sub-section (1), the Chief Wild Life Warden or the authorised officer shall register the name of the applicant in such manner as may be prescribed.
(3) No person shall, after the expiry of three months from the declaration of an area as a sanctuary, hold any arms within ten kilometres of such sanctuary without being registered under this section.

Explanation: Requires persons near a sanctuary possessing arms to register with the Chief Wildlife Warden within three months. Source: Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, Chapter IV.

Clause:
(1) Notwithstanding anything contained in any other law for the time being in force, any officer not below the rank of an Assistant Conservator of Forests may—

• (a) evict any person from a sanctuary or National Park, who unauthorisedly occupies Government land in contravention of the provisions of this Act;
• (b) remove any unauthorised structures, buildings, or constructions erected on Government land within any sanctuary or National Park.

Explanation: Empowers forest officers to evict unauthorized occupants and remove illegal structures from sanctuaries or national parks, with due process. Source: Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, Chapter IV.

Clause:
(1) Whenever it appears to the State Government that an area, whether within a sanctuary or not, is, by reason of its ecological, faunal, floral, geomorphological or zoological association or importance, needed to be constituted as a National Park for the purpose of protecting, propagating or developing wild life therein or its environment, it may, by notification, declare its intention to constitute such area as a National Park.
(2) The notification referred to in sub-section (1) shall define the limits of the area which is intended to be declared as a National Park.
(3) The provisions of sections 19 to 25A (both inclusive) shall, so far as may be, apply in relation to the declaration of an area as a National Park as they apply in relation to the declaration of an area as a sanctuary.
(4) When the following events have occurred, namely,—

• (a) the period for preferring claims has elapsed, and all claims, if any, made in relation to any land in an area intended to be declared as a National Park, have been disposed of by the State Government; or
• (b) any area comprised within any reserve forest or any part of the territorial waters, which is considered by the State Government to be of adequate ecological, faunal, floral, geomorphological, natural or zoological significance for the purpose of protecting, propagating or developing wild life or its environment, is to be included in a National Park,

Explanation: Authorizes the State Government to declare national parks, outlines the process for resolving claims, and applies sanctuary provisions to national parks. Source: Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, Chapter IV.

Clause:
[Repealed by the Wild Life (Protection) Amendment Act, 1991 (44 of 1991), s. 24 (w.e.f. 2-10-1991).]

Explanation: Previously allowed the declaration of game reserves, but this section was repealed in 1991. Source: Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, Chapter IV.

Clause:
(1) The State Government may, after consultation with the local communities, declare any area owned by the Government, particularly the areas adjacent to National Parks and sanctuaries and those areas which link one protected area with another, as a conservation reserve for protecting landscapes, seascapes, flora and fauna and their habitat.
(2) The provisions of sections 27 to 33A (both inclusive) shall, so far as may be, apply in relation to a conservation reserve as they apply in relation to a sanctuary.
(3) The State Government shall constitute a Conservation Reserve Management Committee to advise the Chief Wild Life Warden to conserve, manage and maintain the conservation reserve.

Explanation: Allows the State Government to declare conservation reserves near protected areas and establishes management committees for their conservation. Source: Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, Chapter IV.

Clause:
(1) The State Government shall constitute a Conservation Reserve Management Committee which shall consist of—

• (a) one representative of each village panchayat in whose jurisdiction the reserve is located;
• (b) three representatives of non-governmental organisations working in the field of wild life conservation;
• (c) one representative each from the Department of Agriculture, Animal Husbandry and Forest of the State Government;
• (d) the officer in-charge of the conservation reserve who shall act as the Member-Secretary of the Committee.

Explanation: Establishes the composition and role of the Conservation Reserve Management Committee to assist in managing conservation reserves. Source: Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, Chapter IV.

Clause:
(1) The State Government may, where the community or an individual has volunteered to conserve wild life and its habitat, declare any private or community land not comprised within a National Park, sanctuary or a conservation reserve, as a community reserve, for protecting fauna, flora and traditional or cultural conservation values and practices.
(2) The provisions of sections 27 to 33A (both inclusive) shall, so far as may be, apply in relation to a community reserve as they apply in relation to a sanctuary.
(3) The State Government shall constitute a Community Reserve Management Committee to advise the Chief Wild Life Warden to conserve, manage and maintain the community reserve.

Explanation: Permits the declaration of community reserves on private or community land for conservation, with management committees to oversee them. Source: Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, Chapter IV.

Clause:
(1) The State Government shall constitute a Community Reserve Management Committee which shall consist of—

• (a) five representatives nominated by the village panchayat or, where such panchayat does not exist, by the members of the gram sabha;
• (b) one representative of non-governmental organisations working in the field of wild life conservation;
• (c) one representative each from the Department of Agriculture, Animal Husbandry and Forest of the State Government;
• (d) the officer in-charge of the community reserve who shall act as the Member-Secretary of the Committee.

Explanation: Establishes the composition and role of the Community Reserve Management Committee to assist in managing community reserves. Source: Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, Chapter IV.

Clause:
The State Government may, by notification, declare any area to be a closed area for such period as may be specified in the notification and no hunting of any wild animal shall be permitted in such area during that period except under and in accordance with a permit granted by the Chief Wild Life Warden.

Explanation: Allows the State Government to declare areas as closed to hunting for specified periods, with permits required for any hunting. Source: Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, Chapter IV.

Clause:
(1) Where the State Government leases or otherwise transfers any area under its control to the Central Government, the Central Government may, if it considers it necessary for the purpose of protecting, propagating or developing wild life or its environment, by notification, declare such area or any part thereof to be a sanctuary or a National Park.
(2) The provisions of sections 18 to 35 (both inclusive) shall, so far as may be, apply in relation to an area declared as a sanctuary or a National Park under sub-section (1) as they apply in relation to an area declared as a sanctuary or a National Park by the State Government.
(3) The Central Government may, for the purposes of this section, appoint such officers and employees as it may consider necessary.

Explanation: Empowers the Central Government to declare leased areas as sanctuaries or national parks and apply relevant provisions, with authority to appoint officers. Source: Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, Chapter IV.

Clause:
(1) The Central Government shall constitute a body to be known as the Central Zoo Authority (hereinafter in this Chapter referred to as the Authority), to exercise the powers conferred on, and to perform the functions assigned to it under this Act.
(2) The Authority shall consist of—

• (a) Chairperson;
• (b) such number of members not exceeding ten; and
• (c) Member-Secretary,

Explanation: Establishes the Central Zoo Authority with a Chairperson, up to ten members, and a Member-Secretary to oversee zoo regulation. Source: Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, Chapter IVA.

Clause:
(1) The Chairperson and members of the Authority shall be appointed by the Central Government for such term and on such conditions of service as may be prescribed.
(2) The Chairperson or any member may, by writing under his hand addressed to the Central Government, resign from his office.
(3) The Central Government may remove from office the Chairperson or any member, who—

• (a) becomes an undischarged insolvent;
• (b) gets convicted and sentenced to imprisonment for an offence which in the opinion of the Central Government involves moral turpitude;
• (c) becomes of unsound mind and stands so declared by a competent court;
• (d) refuses to act or becomes incapable of acting;
• (e) is, without obtaining leave of absence from the Authority, absent from three consecutive meetings of the Authority; or
• (f) has, in the opinion of the Central Government, so abused his position as to render his continuance in office detrimental to the public interest:

Explanation: Specifies the appointment, tenure, resignation, removal, and meeting procedures for the Central Zoo Authority’s Chairperson and members. Source: Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, Chapter IVA.

Clause:
The Authority shall perform the following functions, namely:—

• (a) specify the minimum standards for housing, upkeep and veterinary care of the animals kept in a zoo;
• (b) evaluate and assess the functioning of zoos with respect to the standards or the norms as may be prescribed;
• (c) recognise or derecognise zoos;
• (d) identify endangered species of wild animals for purposes of captive breeding and assign responsibility in this regard to a zoo;
• (e) co-ordinate the acquisition, exchange and loaning of animals for breeding purposes;
• (f) ensure maintenance of stud-books of endangered species of wild animals bred in captivity;
• (g) identify priorities and themes with regard to display of captive animals in a zoo;
• (h) co-ordinate training of zoo personnel in India and outside India;
• (i) co-ordinate research in captive breeding and educational programmes for the purposes of zoos;
• (j) provide technical and other assistance to zoos for their proper management and for the attainment of the objectives of this Chapter;
• (k) perform such other functions as may be necessary to carry out the purposes of this Chapter with regard to zoos.

Explanation: Outlines the Central Zoo Authority’s responsibilities, including setting zoo standards, recognizing zoos, and coordinating captive breeding and research. Source: Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, Chapter IVA.

Clause:
(1) The Authority shall regulate its own procedure.
(2) All orders and decisions of the Authority shall be authenticated by the Member-Secretary or any other officer of the Authority duly authorised by the Authority in this behalf.

Explanation: Allows the Central Zoo Authority to set its own procedures and requires authentication of its orders by the Member-Secretary or authorized officer. Source: Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, Chapter IVA.

Clause:
The Central Government may, after due appropriation made by Parliament by law in this behalf, make to the Authority grants and loans of such sums of money as that Government may consider necessary.

Explanation: Authorizes the Central Government to provide grants and loans to the Central Zoo Authority, subject to parliamentary appropriation. Source: Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, Chapter IVA.

Clause:
(1) There shall be constituted a Fund to be called the Central Zoo Authority Fund and there shall be credited thereto—

• (a) any grants and loans made to the Authority under section 38E;
• (b) all fees and other charges received by the Authority under this Chapter;
• (c) all sums received by the Authority from such other sources as may be decided upon by the Central Government.

• (a) the salary, allowances and other remuneration of the members, officers and other employees of the Authority;
• (b) the expenses of the Authority in the discharge of its functions under section 38C;
• (c) the expenses on objects and for purposes authorised by this Chapter.

Explanation: Establishes the Central Zoo Authority Fund, detailing its sources, uses, and audit requirements, with annual reporting to Parliament. Source: Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, Chapter IVA.

Clause:
The Authority shall prepare in such form and at such time, for each financial year, as may be prescribed, its annual report, giving a full account of its activities during the previous financial year and forward a copy thereof to the Central Government.

Explanation: Requires the Central Zoo Authority to prepare and submit an annual report on its activities to the Central Government. Source: Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, Chapter IVA.

Clause:
(1) No zoo shall be operated without being recognised by the Authority: Provided that a zoo being operated immediately before the date of commencement of the Wild Life (Protection) Amendment Act, 1991, may continue to operate without being recognised for a period of six months from the date of such commencement and if an application for recognition is made within that period, the zoo may continue to be operated until the said application is finally disposed of or withdrawn and in case of refusal for a further period of six months from the date of such refusal.
(2) Every application for recognition of a zoo shall be made to the Authority in such form and on payment of such fee as may be prescribed.
(3) Every recognition shall specify the conditions, if any, subject to which the zoo shall be operated.
(4) No recognition to a zoo shall be granted unless the Authority, having due regard to the interests of protection and conservation of wild life, and such standards, norms and other matters as may be prescribed, is satisfied that recognition should be granted.
(5) The Authority may, after giving the zoo operator an opportunity of being heard, suspend or cancel the recognition of a zoo if it is satisfied that the zoo is being operated in contravention of any of the conditions of recognition or of any rule, regulation or order made under this Act: Provided that no recognition shall be suspended or cancelled unless the contravention is of such nature that it cannot be remedied.
(6) An appeal from an order refusing, suspending or cancelling recognition shall lie to the Central Government.
(7) An appeal under sub-section (6) shall be preferred within thirty days from the date of communication to the applicant of the order appealed against: Provided that the Central Government may admit an appeal preferred after the expiry of the period aforesaid if it is satisfied that the appellant had sufficient cause for not preferring the appeal in time.

Explanation: Mandates that zoos operate only with Central Zoo Authority recognition, detailing the application process, conditions, and provisions for suspension or appeal. Source: Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, Chapter IVA.

Clause:
Subject to the other provisions of this Act, no zoo shall acquire or transfer any wild animal specified in Schedule I or Schedule II except with the previous permission of the Authority.

Explanation: Requires zoos to obtain Central Zoo Authority permission to acquire or transfer Schedule I or II wild animals. Source: Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, Chapter IVA.

Clause:
No person shall tease, molest, injure or feed any animal or cause disturbance to the animals by noise or otherwise, or litter the grounds in a zoo.

Explanation: Prohibits actions that harm or disturb animals or the environment in a zoo, such as teasing, feeding, or littering. Source: Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, Chapter IVA.

Clause:
(1) Every—

• (a) wild animal, other than vermin, which is hunted under section 11 or section 29 or sub-section (6) of section 35 or kept or bred in captivity or hunted in contravention of any provision of this Act or any rule or order made thereunder or found dead, or killed by mistake; and
• (b) animal article, trophy or uncured trophy or meat derived from any wild animal referred to in clause (a) in respect of which any offence against this Act or any rule or order made thereunder has been committed; and
• (c) ivory imported into India and an article made from such ivory in respect of which any offence against this Act or any rule or order made thereunder has been committed;
• (d) vehicle, vessel, weapon, trap or tool used for committing any such offence and seized under the provisions of this Act,

Explanation: Declares wild animals, articles, and related items involved in offences as government property and requires reporting and surrender to authorities. Source: Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, Chapter V.

Clause:
(1) Every person having at the commencement of this Act the control, custody or possession of any wild animal specified in Schedule I or Part II of Schedule II or any animal article, trophy or uncured trophy or meat derived from such animal or any captive animal or any ivory imported into India or any article made from such ivory shall, within thirty days from the commencement of this Act, declare to the Chief Wild Life Warden or any other officer authorised by the State Government in this behalf, the number and description of such animal, article, trophy, uncured trophy, meat, captive animal, ivory or article made therefrom in his control, custody or possession and the place where such animal or article is kept.
(2) No person shall, after the commencement of this Act, acquire, receive, keep in his control, custody or possession, sell, offer for sale or otherwise transfer or transport any animal specified in Schedule I or Part II of Schedule II or any animal article, trophy, uncured trophy or meat derived therefrom or any captive animal or any ivory imported into India or any article made from such ivory except with the previous permission in writing of the Chief Wild Life Warden or the authorised officer: Provided that nothing in this sub-section shall apply to the sale, offer for sale, transfer or transport of any animal article, trophy or uncured trophy by a person who has obtained a certificate of registration under section 44 in respect of such article or trophy.
(3) Nothing in sub-section (1) or sub-section (2) shall apply to a recognised zoo or to a museum or to any person who has been permitted under section 38I to acquire any wild animal specified in Schedule I or Part II of Schedule II.
(4) The Chief Wild Life Warden or the authorised officer may, on receipt of a declaration made under sub-section (1), issue a certificate of ownership in such form, and subject to such conditions, as may be prescribed, to the person making such declaration.
(5) Any person who has been issued a certificate of ownership under sub-section (4) shall be deemed to be lawfully in possession of the wild animal, animal article, trophy, uncured trophy, meat, captive animal, ivory or article made therefrom specified in such certificate.

Explanation: Requires declaration of possession of certain wild animals, articles, or ivory at the Act’s commencement and regulates their acquisition or trade with permits, with exemptions for zoos and registered persons. Source: Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, Chapter V.

Clause:
(1) Notwithstanding anything contained in section 40, any person who, at the commencement of the Wild Life (Protection) Amendment Act, 1982, is in control, custody or possession of any wild animal specified in Schedule I or Part II of Schedule II or any animal article, trophy, uncured trophy or meat derived from such animal, shall be entitled to immunity from prosecution for keeping such animal or article in his control, custody or possession if he makes a declaration under sub-section (1) of section 40 within the period specified therein.
(2) The immunity granted under sub-section (1) shall not be available to any person who fails to make a declaration within the period specified in sub-section (1) of section 40.

Explanation: Grants immunity from prosecution for possessing certain wild animals or articles if declared within the specified period, as per the 1982 amendment. Source: Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, Chapter V.

Clause:
(1) The Chief Wild Life Warden or any other officer authorised by the State Government in this behalf may, on receipt of a declaration made under section 40, make such inquiry as he may deem fit for the purpose of verifying the facts stated in the declaration.
(2) The Chief Wild Life Warden or the authorised officer may, after such inquiry, if he is satisfied that the declaration is false in any material particular, by order in writing, confiscate the wild animal, animal article, trophy, uncured trophy, meat, captive animal, ivory or article made therefrom in respect of which the declaration was made.

Explanation: Authorizes the Chief Wildlife Warden to verify declarations and confiscate items if the declaration is found false. Source: Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, Chapter V.

Clause:
No certificate of ownership issued under sub-section (4) of section 40 shall be transferable.

Explanation: Prohibits the transfer of certificates of ownership issued for declared wild animals or articles. Source: Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, Chapter V.

Clause:
(1) Subject to the provisions of section 40, no person having in his possession any captive animal, animal article, trophy or uncured trophy in respect of which he has a certificate of ownership shall transfer by way of sale, gift or otherwise such animal, article or trophy except with the previous permission in writing of the Chief Wild Life Warden or the authorised officer.
(2) Where any person transfers or transports from one State to another State any animal, article or trophy specified in sub-section (1), he shall, within thirty days of such transfer or transport, report the fact of such transfer or transport to the Chief Wild Life Warden or the authorised officer of the State to which such animal, article or trophy has been transferred or transported.
(3) No person shall transfer or transport any animal, article or trophy specified in sub-section (1) to any place outside India except with the previous permission in writing of the Director of Wild Life Preservation or any other officer authorised by the Central Government in this behalf.

Explanation: Regulates the transfer of captive animals or articles, requiring permission for transfers and reporting for interstate movements. Source: Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, Chapter V.

Clause:
(1) Subject to the provisions of section 40, no person shall, except under and in accordance with a licence granted under sub-section (4), commence or carry on the business as—

• (a) a manufacturer of, or dealer in, any animal article; or
• (b) a taxidermist; or
• (c) a dealer in captive animals; or
• (d) a dealer in meat; or
• (e) a dealer in trophies.

• (a) be valid for one year from the date of its grant;
• (b) not be transferable.

Explanation: Prohibits dealing in animal articles, trophies, or related businesses without a licence, specifying conditions and procedures for licensing. Source: Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, Chapter V.

Clause:
Subject to any general or special order of the State Government, the Chief Wild Life Warden or the authorised officer may, for reasons to be recorded by him in writing, suspend or cancel any licence granted under section 44: Provided that no such suspension or cancellation shall be made except after giving the holder of the licence a reasonable opportunity of being heard.

Explanation: Allows the Chief Wildlife Warden to suspend or cancel licences for specified reasons, with a hearing for the licensee. Source: Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, Chapter V.

Clause:
(1) Any person aggrieved by the refusal, suspension or cancellation of a licence under section 44 may, within thirty days from the date of communication to him of such refusal, suspension or cancellation, prefer an appeal to the State Government.
(2) The State Government shall, after giving the appellant an opportunity of being heard, pass such order as it may deem fit.

Explanation: Provides a mechanism for appealing licence refusals, suspensions, or cancellations to the State Government. Source: Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, Chapter V.

Clause:
A person who is granted a licence under section 44 shall—

• (a) keep such records, and submit such returns, of his dealings in animal articles, trophies, captive animals or meat, as the case may be, as may be prescribed; and
• (b) produce such records for inspection at the reasonable demand of the Chief Wild Life Warden or the authorised officer.

Explanation: Requires licensed dealers to maintain and submit records of their dealings and produce them for inspection. Source: Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, Chapter V.

Clause:
No licensee under this Chapter shall—

• (a) purchase, receive or acquire any captive animal, animal article, trophy or uncured trophy otherwise than from a person who has a certificate of ownership in respect thereof or from another licensee;
• (b) purchase, receive or acquire any captive animal, animal article, trophy or uncured trophy in contravention of any provision of this Act or any rule or order made thereunder.

Explanation: Restricts licensees to purchasing or acquiring animals or articles only from authorized sources. Source: Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, Chapter V.

Clause:
No person shall accept any wild animal (other than vermin), or any animal article, or any trophy or uncured trophy derived therefrom for transportation except after satisfying himself that—

• (a) such animal, article or trophy has been obtained under a certificate of ownership or a licence granted under this Act; or
• (b) the person from whom such animal, article or trophy is accepted for transportation has permission in writing from the Chief Wild Life Warden or the authorised officer to transport such animal, article or trophy.

Explanation: Prohibits accepting wildlife or articles for transportation without verifying legal authorization. Source: Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, Chapter V.

Clause:
No person shall purchase, receive or acquire any captive animal, animal article, trophy or uncured trophy except from a person who has a certificate of ownership in respect thereof or from a licensee under this Chapter.

Explanation: Restricts non-licensees to purchasing or acquiring animals or articles only from authorized sources. Source: Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, Chapter V.

Clause:
No person shall, except with the previous permission in writing of the Chief Wild Life Warden or the authorised officer, sell, offer for sale, transfer or transport any ivory imported into India or any article made from such ivory.

Explanation: Prohibits the sale or transfer of imported ivory or its articles without written permission. Source: Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, Chapter V.

Clause:
(1) Subject to the other provisions of this section, on and after the specified date, no person shall—

• (a) commence or carry on the business as—
  
  • (i) a manufacturer of, or dealer in, any animal article derived from an animal specified in Schedule I or Part II of Schedule II; or
  • (ii) a taxidermist with respect to any animal specified in Schedule I or Part II of Schedule II; or
  • (iii) a dealer in trophies or uncured trophies derived from any animal specified in Schedule I or Part II of Schedule II; or
  • (iv) a dealer in captive animals being animals specified in Schedule I or Part II of Schedule II; or
  • (v) a dealer in meat derived from any animal specified in Schedule I or Part II of Schedule II; or
• (b) do any act which results in the acquisition of any animal article, trophy, uncured trophy, captive animal or meat derived from any animal specified in Schedule I or Part II of Schedule II except with the previous permission in writing of the Chief Wild Life Warden or the authorised officer.

Explanation: Prohibits dealings in articles or trophies from Schedule I or Part II animals after a specified date, with provisions for ownership certificates and exemptions for zoos. Source: Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, Chapter V.

Clause:
(1) No person having in his possession any captive animal, animal article, trophy or uncured trophy derived from any animal specified in Schedule I or Part II of Schedule II in respect of which he has a certificate of ownership shall, on or after the specified date, transfer such animal, article or trophy by way of sale, gift or otherwise except with the previous permission in writing of the Chief Wild Life Warden or the authorised officer.
(2) Where any person transfers or transports from one State to another State any animal, article or trophy referred to in sub-section (1), he shall, within thirty days of such transfer or transport, report the fact of such transfer or transport to the Chief Wild Life Warden or the authorised officer of the State to which such animal, article or trophy has been transferred or transported.
(3) No person shall transfer or transport any animal, article or trophy referred to in sub-section (1) to any place outside India except with the previous permission in writing of the Director of Wild Life Preservation or any other officer authorised by the Central Government in this behalf.

Explanation: Regulates the possession and transfer of Schedule I or Part II animals or articles, requiring permissions and reporting for transfers. Source: Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, Chapter V.

Clause:
(1) No person shall, on or after the specified date, acquire, receive or keep in his control, custody or possession any captive animal, animal article, trophy or uncured trophy derived from any animal specified in Schedule I or Part II of Schedule II except with the previous permission in writing of the Chief Wild Life Warden or the authorised officer.
(2) Nothing in sub-section (1) shall apply to—

• (a) a recognised zoo; or
• (b) a museum; or
• (c) any person who has been permitted under section 38I to acquire any wild animal specified in Schedule I or Part II of Schedule II.

Explanation: Prohibits acquiring Schedule I or Part II animals or articles after a specified date without permission, with exemptions for zoos and museums. Source: Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, Chapter V.

Clause:
The provisions of sections 39 to 49 (both inclusive) shall, so far as may be, apply in relation to specified plants as they apply in relation to wild animals, animal articles, trophies or uncured trophies.

Explanation: Extends the provisions of Chapter V to specified plants, applying similar regulations to their trade and possession. Source: Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, Chapter V.

Clause:
Save as otherwise provided in this Chapter, no person shall—

• (a) wilfully pick, uproot, damage, destroy, acquire or collect any specified plant from any forest land or any area specified, by notification, by the Central Government;
• (b) possess, sell, offer for sale, or transfer by way of gift or otherwise, or transport any specified plant, whether alive or dead, or part or derivative thereof:

Explanation: Prohibits unauthorized picking or trade of specified plants, with an exemption for scheduled tribe members for personal use. Source: Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, Chapter V.

Clause:
No person shall purchase, receive or acquire any specified plant or part or derivative thereof otherwise than from a licensed dealer: Provided that nothing in this section shall apply to any person referred to in section 49F.

Explanation: Restricts purchasing specified plants to licensed dealers, with an exemption for scheduled tribe members under Section 49F. Source: Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, Chapter V.

Clause:
(1) The Chief Wild Life Warden or any other officer authorised by the State Government in this behalf may, on application and on payment of such fee as may be prescribed, grant a licence to any person to commence or carry on the business as a dealer in specified plants or part or derivative thereof.
(2) Every licence granted under this section shall specify the premises in which, and the conditions, if any, subject to which the licensee shall carry on his business.

Explanation: Authorizes the Chief Wildlife Warden to grant licences for dealing in specified plants, specifying conditions and premises. Source: Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, Chapter V.

Clause:
No person shall, except under and in accordance with a licence granted under section 49H, keep in his control, custody or possession any specified plant or part or derivative thereof in excess of the quantity specified in his licence.

Explanation: Prohibits possessing specified plants beyond licensed quantities without a licence. Source: Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, Chapter V.

Clause:
In this Chapter, unless the context otherwise requires,—

• (a) "CITES" means the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora;
• (b) "Management Authority" means the authority designated as such under section 49K;
• (c) "Scientific Authority" means the authority designated as such under section 49K;
• (d) "specified species" means any species of wild fauna or flora included in Appendices I, II or III of CITES.

Explanation: Defines key terms used in Chapter VA, including CITES, Management Authority, Scientific Authority, and specified species listed in CITES Appendices. Source: Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, Chapter VA.

Clause:
The Central Government shall, by notification in the Official Gazette, designate—

• (a) one or more Management Authorities for the purposes of granting permits and certificates under this Chapter;
• (b) one or more Scientific Authorities for the purposes of furnishing opinions and advice under this Chapter.

Explanation: Authorizes the Central Government to designate Management and Scientific Authorities to manage CITES-related permits and provide scientific advice. Source: Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, Chapter VA.

Clause:
Save as otherwise provided in this Chapter, no person shall—

• (a) export any specified species included in Appendix I, II or III of CITES except in accordance with a permit granted under section 49M;
• (b) import any specified species included in Appendix I, II or III of CITES except in accordance with a permit or certificate granted under section 49M;
• (c) re-export any specified species included in Appendix I, II or III of CITES except in accordance with a certificate granted under section 49M;
• (d) carry on trade or commerce in any specified species included in Appendix I, II or III of CITES except in accordance with the provisions of this Chapter.

Explanation: Prohibits trade, export, import, or re-export of CITES-listed species without appropriate permits or certificates. Source: Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, Chapter VA.

Clause:
(1) The Management Authority may, on application and on payment of such fee as may be prescribed, and subject to such conditions as may be prescribed, grant—

• (a) a permit for the export or import of any specified species;
• (b) a certificate for the re-export of any specified species;
• (c) a certificate of introduction from the sea for any specified species.

• (a) the Scientific Authority has advised that such export, import, re-export or introduction from the sea will not be detrimental to the survival of the species concerned;
• (b) the Management Authority is satisfied that—
  
  • (i) the specimen was not obtained in contravention of any law for the time being in force;
  • (ii) the specimen is to be exported or imported in accordance with the provisions of CITES;
  • (iii) in the case of import or introduction from the sea, the recipient country has issued a certificate or permit for such import or introduction;
  • (iv) in the case of a living specimen, the specimen will be so prepared and shipped as to minimise the risk of injury, damage to health or cruel treatment.

Explanation: Details the process for granting permits and certificates for trade in CITES-listed species, requiring Scientific Authority advice and compliance with CITES conditions. Source: Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, Chapter VA.

Clause:
The Management Authority may, after giving the holder of a permit or certificate granted under section 49M a reasonable opportunity of being heard, suspend or cancel such permit or certificate if—

• (a) the holder has contravened any of the conditions of the permit or certificate;
• (b) the holder has contravened any provision of this Act or any rule or order made thereunder;
• (c) the Management Authority is satisfied that the permit or certificate was obtained by fraud or misrepresentation.

Explanation: Allows the Management Authority to suspend or cancel permits or certificates for non-compliance, fraud, or misrepresentation, after a hearing. Source: Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, Chapter VA.

Clause:
(1) Any person aggrieved by the refusal, suspension or cancellation of a permit or certificate under this Chapter may, within thirty days from the date of communication to him of such refusal, suspension or cancellation, prefer an appeal to the Central Government.

• (a) The Central Government shall, after giving the appellant an opportunity of being heard, pass such order as it may deem fit.
• (b) The Central Government may, if it is satisfied that the appellant had sufficient cause for not preferring the appeal within the period specified in sub-section (1), admit an appeal preferred after the expiry of the said period.

Explanation: Provides a mechanism for appealing refusals, suspensions, or cancellations of permits or certificates to the Central Government, with provisions for late appeals. Source: Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, Chapter VA.

Clause:
Every person carrying on trade or commerce in any specified species under this Chapter shall keep such records, and submit such returns, as may be prescribed, and produce such records for inspection at the reasonable demand of the Management Authority or any officer authorised by it.

Explanation: Requires persons trading in CITES-listed species to maintain and submit records and produce them for inspection by the Management Authority. Source: Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, Chapter VA.

Clause:
(1) Notwithstanding anything contained in any other law for the time being in force, the Director or any other officer authorised by him in this behalf or the Chief Wild Life Warden or any other officer authorised by him in this behalf or any forest officer or any police officer not below the rank of a sub-inspector, may, if he has reasonable grounds for believing that any person has committed an offence against this Act,—

• (a) require any such person to produce for inspection any captive animal, wild animal, animal article, meat, trophy, uncured trophy, specified plant or part or derivative thereof in his control, custody or possession, or any licence, permit or other document granted to him or required to be kept by him under the provisions of this Act;
• (b) stop any vehicle or vessel in order to conduct search or inquiry or enter upon and search any premises, land, vehicle or vessel, in the occupation of such person, and open and search any baggage or other things in his possession;
• (c) seize any captive animal, wild animal, animal article, meat, trophy or uncured trophy, specified plant or part or derivative thereof in the possession of any person and appearing to him to be Government property, together with any vehicle, vessel, weapon, trap or tool used for committing any such offence;
• (d) arrest any person who, he has reason to believe, has committed an offence against this Act unless he is satisfied that such person will appear and answer any charge which may be preferred against him: Provided that no woman shall be arrested after sunset and before sunrise, except with her consent.

• (a) the Magistrate having jurisdiction to try the offence on account of which the seizure has been made; and
• (b) the officer, not below the rank of Assistant Director of Wild Life Preservation or Wild Life Warden, authorised by the State Government in this behalf.

• (a) if the firearm is licensed, inform the licensing authority concerned;
• (b) if the seizure is made in the course of commission of an offence, cancel the licence, if any, of such firearm.

Explanation: Empowers authorized officers to search, seize, arrest, and detain persons suspected of offences, with procedures for reporting seizures and handling evidence. Source: Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, Chapter VI.

Clause:
(1) Any person who contravenes any provision of this Act (except Chapter VA) or any rule or order made thereunder or who commits a breach of any of the conditions of any licence or permit granted under this Act, shall be guilty of an offence against this Act, and shall, on conviction, be punishable with imprisonment for a term which may extend to three years or with fine which may extend to twenty-five thousand rupees or with both: Provided that where the offence committed is in relation to any animal specified in Schedule I or Part II of Schedule II or meat of any such animal or animal article, trophy or uncured trophy derived from such animal or where the offence relates to hunting in, or altering the boundaries of, a sanctuary or a National Park, such offence shall be punishable with imprisonment for a term which shall not be less than three years but may extend to seven years and also with fine which shall not be less than ten thousand rupees: Provided further that in the case of a second or subsequent offence of the nature mentioned in the foregoing proviso, the term of imprisonment shall not be less than three years but may extend to seven years and also with fine which shall not be less than twenty-five thousand rupees.
(1A) Any person who contravenes any provisions of Chapter VA, shall be punishable with imprisonment for a term which shall not be less than one year but which may extend to seven years and also with fine which shall not be less than five thousand rupees.
(1B) Where any person is convicted of an offence against this Act, the court may, in addition to any other punishment, direct that any captive animal, wild animal, animal article, meat, trophy, uncured trophy, specified plant or part or derivative thereof in respect of which the offence has been committed, shall be forfeited to the State Government.
(2) When any person is convicted of any offence against this Act, the court may, in addition to any other punishment, cancel any licence or permit granted to such person under this Act.
(3) Where any person is convicted of an offence against this Act, the court trying the offence may order that any weapon, trap, tool, vehicle or vessel used in the commission of the said offence be forfeited to the State Government and that any licence or permit held by such person under the provisions of this Act be cancelled.
(4) Such forfeiture or cancellation under sub-section (1B), (2) or (3) shall be in addition to any other punishment that may be awarded for such offence.
(5) Where any person is convicted of an offence against this Act, the court may direct that such person shall pay, in addition to any other penalty, by way of compensation, such amount as the court may determine, to the State Government towards the cost of maintenance of any captive animal, wild animal or specified plant seized from such person.

Explanation: Specifies penalties for offences under the Act, including imprisonment and fines, with harsher penalties for Schedule I or Part II animals, CITES violations, and repeat offences, and provisions for forfeiture and compensation. Source: Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, Chapter VI.

Clause:
Notwithstanding anything contained in the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 (2 of 1974), any offence punishable under—

• (a) the first proviso to sub-section (1) of section 51;
• (b) sub-section (1A) of section 51,

Explanation: Declares certain offences (related to Schedule I or Part II animals and CITES violations) as cognizable and non-bailable under the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973. Source: Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, Chapter VI.

Clause:
Whoever attempts to contravene, or abets the contravention of, any of the provisions of this Act or of any rule or order made thereunder shall be deemed to have contravened that provision or rule or order, as the case may be.

Explanation: Treats attempts or abetment of offences under the Act as equivalent to committing the offence itself. Source: Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, Chapter VI.

Clause:
If any officer referred to in sub-section (1) of section 50 seizes any property or detains any person without reasonable cause, he shall, on conviction, be punishable with imprisonment for a term which may extend to six months, or with fine which may extend to one thousand rupees, or with both.

Explanation: Penalizes officers for wrongful seizure or detention without reasonable cause, with imprisonment or fines. Source: Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, Chapter VI.

Clause:
(1) The Central Government or the State Government, as the case may be, may, by notification, empower the Director of Wild Life Preservation or any other officer not below the rank of Assistant Director of Wild Life Preservation or the Chief Wild Life Warden or any other officer not below the rank of a Deputy Conservator of Forests to accept from any person against whom a reasonable suspicion exists that he has committed an offence against this Act, payment of a sum of money by way of composition of the offence which such person is suspected to have committed.
(2) On payment of such sum as may be fixed under sub-section (1), no further proceedings shall be taken against such person in respect of such offence.
(3) The sum of money accepted under sub-section (1) shall be credited to such fund as the Central Government or the State Government may, by notification, specify.

Explanation: Allows authorized officers to compound offences by accepting payment, halting further proceedings, with funds credited to a specified government fund. Source: Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, Chapter VI.

Clause:
No court shall take cognizance of any offence against this Act except on the complaint of any person authorised in this behalf by—

• (a) the Central Government or the State Government, as the case may be; or
• (b) the Director of Wild Life Preservation or any other officer not below the rank of Assistant Director of Wild Life Preservation; or
• (c) the Chief Wild Life Warden or any other officer not below the rank of a Deputy Conservator of Forests; or
• (d) any other officer as may be authorised by the Central Government or the State Government, as the case may be, by notification.

Explanation: Restricts courts from taking cognizance of offences unless complaints are filed by authorized government or wildlife officers, with a six-month limit for non-authorized complaints. Source: Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, Chapter VI.

Clause:
Nothing in this Act shall be deemed to prevent any person from being prosecuted under any other law for the time being in force, for any act or omission which constitutes an offence against this Act or from being liable under such other law to any higher punishment or penalty than that provided by this Act: Provided that no person shall be punished twice for the same offence.

Explanation: Allows prosecution under other laws for acts constituting offences under this Act, ensuring no double punishment for the same offence. Source: Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, Chapter VI.

Clause:
Where, in any prosecution for an offence against this Act, it is established that a person is in possession, custody or control of—

• (a) any captive animal, it shall be presumed, until the contrary is proved, that such animal has been captured from the wild in contravention of the provisions of this Act;
• (b) any animal article, meat, trophy or uncured trophy, it shall be presumed, until the contrary is proved, that such article, meat, trophy or uncured trophy has been obtained in contravention of the provisions of this Act;
• (c) any specified plant or part or derivative thereof, it shall be presumed, until the contrary is proved, that such plant or part or derivative thereof has been obtained in contravention of the provisions of this Act.

Explanation: Establishes a presumption of guilt for possessing captive animals, animal articles, or specified plants, placing the burden of proof on the accused to show lawful acquisition. Source: Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, Chapter VI.

Clause:
(1) Where an offence against this Act has been committed by a company, every person who, at the time the offence was committed, was in charge of, and was responsible to, the company for the conduct of the business of the company as well as the company, shall be deemed to be guilty of the offence and shall be liable to be proceeded against and punished accordingly: Provided that nothing contained in this sub-section shall render any such person liable to any punishment, if he proves that the offence was committed without his knowledge or that he exercised all due diligence to prevent the commission of such offence.
(2) Notwithstanding anything contained in sub-section (1), where an offence against this Act has been committed by a company and it is proved that the offence has been committed with the consent or connivance of, or is attributable to any neglect on the part of, any director, manager, secretary or other officer of the company, such director, manager, secretary or other officer shall also be deemed to be guilty of that offence and shall be liable to be proceeded against and punished accordingly.
Explanation.—For the purposes of this section,—

• (a) "company" means any body corporate and includes a firm or other association of individuals; and
• (b) "director", in relation to a firm, means a partner in the firm.

Explanation: Holds companies and responsible individuals liable for offences, with provisions for liability of directors or managers if complicity is proven, and defines "company" and "director." Source: Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, Chapter VI.

Clause:
Every officer referred to in Chapter II and Chapter IV and every other officer exercising any of the powers conferred by this Act shall be deemed to be a public servant within the meaning of section 21 of the Indian Penal Code (45 of 1860).

Explanation: Declares officers as public servants under the Indian Penal Code, 1860. Unaffected by amendments up to 2013. Source: Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, Chapter VII.

Clause:
No suit, prosecution or other legal proceeding shall lie against any officer or other employee of the Central Government or the State Government for anything which is in good faith done or intended to be done under this Act.

Explanation: Protects officers from legal proceedings for good-faith actions. Unaffected by amendments up to 2013. Source: Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, Chapter VII.

Clause:
(1) When a court imposes a sentence of fine or a sentence of which fine forms a part, the court may, when passing judgment, order that the reward be paid to the person who renders assistance in the detection of the offence or the apprehension of the offenders, out of the proceeds of fine not exceeding fifty per cent. of such fine.
(2) When a case is compounded under section 54, the officer compounding may order reward to be paid to a person who renders assistance in the detection of the offence or the apprehension of the offenders, out of the sum of money accepted by way of composition, not exceeding fifty per cent. of such money.

Explanation: Allows rewards up to 50% of fines, added by the 2002 amendment. Source: Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, Chapter VII, as amended in 2002.

Clause:
The State Government may empower the Chief Wild Life Warden to order payment of reward, not exceeding ten thousand rupees, to be paid to a person who renders assistance in the detection of the offence or the apprehension of the offender, in such circumstances and in such manner as may be prescribed.

Explanation: Authorizes rewards up to ₹10,000, added by the 2002 amendment. Source: Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, Chapter VII, as amended in 2002.

Clause:
(1) Subject to the provisions of this section, the Central Government may, if it is of opinion that it is expedient so to do, by notification, add or delete any entry to or from any Schedule or transfer any entry from one Part of a Schedule to another Part of the same Schedule or from one Schedule to another.
(2) No notification under sub-section (1) which includes or deletes or transfers any entry relating to any wild animal or specified plant in Schedule I or Part II of Schedule II shall be issued except with the previous approval of the Parliament.
(3) Every notification issued under sub-section (1) shall, as soon as may be after it is issued, be laid before each House of Parliament, while it is in session, for a total period of thirty days which may be comprised in one session or in two or more successive sessions, and if, before the expiry of the session immediately following the session or the successive sessions aforesaid, both Houses agree in making any modification in the notification or both Houses agree that the notification should not be made, the notification shall thereafter have effect only in such modified form or be of no effect, as the case may be; so, however, that any such modification or annulment shall be without prejudice to the validity of anything previously done under that notification.

Explanation: Empowers Schedule modifications with parliamentary oversight. Precedes Section 62. Source: Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, Chapter VII.

Clause:
Subject to the provisions of section 61, the Central Government may, by notification, declare any wild animal other than those specified in Schedule I and Part II of Schedule II to be vermin for any area and for such period as may be specified in the notification and so long as such notification is in force, such wild animal shall be deemed to be included in Schedule V.

Explanation: Allows vermin declarations for Schedule V. Followed by Sections 62A and 62B in the PDF. Source: Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, Chapter VII.

Clause:
The Central Government shall, by notification, constitute a Management Authority for the purposes of discharging functions under the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora.

Explanation: Establishes a Management Authority for CITES compliance, managing trade permits for endangered species. Added post-2006, likely by the 2013 amendment . Source: Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, Chapter VII

Clause:
The Central Government shall, by notification, constitute a Scientific Authority for the purposes of discharging functions under the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora.

Explanation: Establishes a Scientific Authority to advise on CITES-related conservation and trade. Added post-2006, likely by the 2013 amendment . Source: Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, Chapter VII

Clause:
(1) The Central Government may, by notification, make rules for all or any of the following matters, namely:—

• (a) the form in which declaration under sub-section (1) of section 40 shall be made and the particulars which such declaration shall contain;
• (b) the matters in respect of which a certificate of ownership under sub-section (4) of section 40 shall be granted and the form in which such certificate shall be issued;
• (c) the manner in which and the conditions subject to which a licence may be granted under section 44;
• (d) the form in which an application for a permit or certificate under section 49M shall be made and the fee payable therefor;
• (e) the conditions subject to which a permit or certificate may be granted under section 49M;
• (f) the form in which a permit or certificate granted under section 49M shall be issued and the period for which such permit or certificate shall be valid;
• (g) the form in which records shall be kept and returns submitted under section 49P;
• (h) any other matter which is required to be, or may be, prescribed under this Act.

Explanation: Empowers rule-making, including for CITES permits. Follows Sections 62A and 62B. Source: Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, Chapter VII.

Clause:
(1) The State Government may, by notification, make rules for all or any of the following matters, namely:—

• (a) the manner in which any area may be declared to be a sanctuary or a National Park;
• (b) the matters in respect of which the Chief Wild Life Warden or any other officer may exercise powers under this Act;
• (c) the conditions subject to which any licence may be granted under section 44;
• (d) any other matter which is required to be, or may be, prescribed under this Act.

Explanation: Empowers state rule-making. Source: Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, Chapter VII.

Clause:
Nothing in this Act shall affect the hunting rights conferred on the Scheduled Tribes of the Nicobar Islands in the Union territory of Andaman and Nicobar Islands under section 10 of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands (Protection of Aboriginal Tribes) Regulation, 1956 (3 of 1956).

Explanation: Protects Nicobar Scheduled Tribes’ hunting rights. Source: Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, Chapter VII.

Clause:
(1) As from the commencement of this Act, every other Act relating to any matter contained in this Act and in force in any State shall, to the extent to which that Act or any provision contained therein is repugnant to any provision contained in this Act, cease to have effect in that State: Provided that such cessation shall not affect—

• (a) the previous operation of any such Act or anything duly done or suffered thereunder;
• (b) any right, privilege, obligation or liability acquired, accrued or incurred under any such Act;
• (c) any penalty, forfeiture or punishment incurred in respect of any offence committed against any such Act; or
• (d) any investigation, legal proceeding or remedy in respect of any such right, privilege, obligation, liability, penalty, forfeiture or punishment as aforesaid;

Explanation: Repeals conflicting state laws, preserving prior actions. Source: Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, Chapter VII.

Clause:
The provisions of this Act shall apply to the Union territories of Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Lakshadweep, Dadra and Nagar Haveli, Daman and Diu, Pondicherry and Chandigarh in the same manner as they apply to a State, and references in this Act to "State Government" shall, in relation to those Union territories, be construed as references to the Administrator of the Union territory concerned.

Explanation: Extends the Act to specified Union territories. Source: Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, Chapter VII.